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A36.9 Diphtheria unspecified Diphtheria is an acute toxin-mediated systemic disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae . Infection remains localised to the throat or skin but disease is mainly due to local inflammation and/or systemic toxaemia. Pharyngeal diphtheria presents with a membranous inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, which may be extensive enough to cause laryngeal obstruction. Damage to other organs including the myocardium, nervous system and kidneys, caused by the organism’s exotoxin, may complicate pharyngeal or cutaneous diphtheria. 43 Non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae usually causes mild throat or skin infection, which is occasionally complicated by invasive disease including endocarditis or arthritis. Corynebacterium ulcerans , a bacterium found in cattle and more recently in cats, can also express diphtheria toxin and cause a zoo...